Recoil-operated firearm.



PATENTED JULY 19, 1904.

Y R. H. KJELLMAN. vRBGOIL OPERATBD FIREARM.

APPLIUA'I-ION FILED JAX. 28. 1903.

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[F4 uefm TOL I faafi No. 765,491. I v PATENTBD JULY 19, 1904.

lR. H. KJELLAN.

' vREGOIL OPERATBD FIREARM.

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v i 4 514mm Patented July 19,1904.

' 'd UNITED i STATES-*PATENT OFFICE.

i RUDOLF HENR-IK KJELLMAN, OF STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR TO AKTIEBOLAGET STOCKHOLMS SWEDEN.

VAPENFABRIK, oF STOCKHOLM,

REColL-OPERATED FIREAHM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 765,491, dated July 19, 1904.

Appiimiou nba January z3, 190s. seria No. 140,234. (No model.) v

To all whom t may concern! Be it known that I, RUDOLF HENRIK KJELL- MAN, engineer, a subject of the King of Sweden and Norway, and a resident of Handtverkaregatan 37, Stockholm, inthe Kingdom of Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or' Relating to Automatic Firearms, of which the following is a specilication, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to an improvement in automatic firearms; and' the object of my improvement is to provide a comparatively short breech mechanism, and thus to yreduce they weight of the firearm in the same degree. k The 'said object is attained by a. certain arrangement of' the cartridge-box. Up to the present time the said cartridge-box has sometimes been fixed to the barrel, so that the box takes part in the motion of the barrel when recoiling. This arrangement involves an inconvenience consisting in that the weight of the recoiling body changes with the reduction of the number of cartridges inclosed by the box, springs and other parts being thus subjected to variable pressure. Besides, the throwing forward and backward of the cartridges in the box has-an injurious effect on the cartridges. For these reasons attempts'have been made to employ a stationary cartridge-box-. e., a cartridge-box fixed not to the barrel, but to the frame-which does not take part in the recoil, the cartridges being fed up from the said box and placed in front of the breechbolt. This arrangement is, however, dependent on a certain extreme rearward position of the box if the cartridge is to be fed up directly from the box into the position on the level With the firing-line, the mechanism-case in which other parts of the mechanism are to be inclosed behind the cartridge-box' being thus comparatively long. In order to avoid this disadvantage, the cartridgebox is according to my invention fixed to the frame, room being, however, provided for the top cartridge under the breech-bolt in the receiver. The top cartridge lying in this space is able to take part in the rearward movement of the barrel and the receiver, while the other cartridges will remain in the box. The said space is provided by the fact that the cartridge-box is, so to say, divided horizontally substantially on a level with the lower side of the top cartridge, which' bears against the closed breechbolt, that part of the box situated above -the said level being fixed to the barrel or the receiver. Thus the top cartridge, embraced by the movable top part of the box, will take part in the rearward motion during the recoiling of the barrel, while the other cartridges remain in the stationary bottom part of the said box. vThe top cartridge will, however, be moved backward only to such a degree that it will still rest to some extent on the remaining cartridges. When the breechbolt has been opened, all the cartridges will be lifted by the springs situated below the lifter, the top cartridge being thus placed in the path of the breech-bolt, so as to be pushed into the barrel at the advancing of the breech-bolt.

In the accompanying drawings the breech mechanism is shown in- Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 in longitudinal section and'in Figs. 5 and 6 in cross-section. Fig. 1 shows the said `mechanism in closed position. Fig. 2 shows the barrel not fully recoiled and thetop cartridge retracted. Fig. 3 showsthe barrel fully recoiled, the breech-bolt opened, and the top cartridge retracted and lifted. Fig. 4 shows the barrel and the -receiver in'the last-mentioned position after the tiring of the last car-l tridge. Fig. 5 is a cross-section on the line a of Fig.' 1, and Fig. 6 is a cross-section on the line c d of Fig. 3. Fig. 7 is a side view, and Fig. 8 an end view, ofthe cartridge-lifter; Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of thefreceiver,

and Fig. l0 is a cross-section of the same on 5, the iiring-pin; 6, the spring of the latter, and 7 a lever having its pivot 8 journaled` in the receiver., The upper end ofsaid lever engages the ring-pin and the breech-bolt. the lower end of the lever being in a position to be acted upon by lugs 9 10, located in the frame and oscillated during the backward and forward motions of the barrel and receiver. The forward motion of the barrel and receiver is effected by a spring. (Not shown in the drawings.)

The foregoing construction is not new, and therefore needs no further description.

The cartridge-box 11 is provided, as usual, with a swinging bottom plate 12 and with a bottom piece or cartridge-lifter 14,upon which the cartridges rest and which is pressedv upward by springs 13. The front end of the cartridge-box is situated just below and behind the rear opening of the barrel when oc` cupying its firing position and is covered by the closed breech-bolt, which moves in over the same like a lid. The cartridges are disposed in the box in two vertical rows in the usual manner, overlapping to some extent, as' shown in Fig. 5. The top cartridge bears against the lower side of the breech bolt. Substantially on a level with the lower side of the cartridge last mentioned the 'box is divided horizontally, and the top part is fixed to the receiver or parts belonging thereto. The stationary bottom part of the box is shown in Figs. 11 and 12. The movable top part of the box has a rear wall 15, provided on its rear side with projections 16, in which vis mounted the lug 17, forming an abutment for the spent cartridge-case for the ejection of the same. The side walls of the said movable part consist of flanges 18,extending down ward from the receiver, Figs. 9 and 10, and fitting to the upper edges of the side walls of the box shown in Fig. 11. The front wall of the movable part is formed by the bottom part 19 of the annular end of the receiver, into which the barrel is screwed. vThus the said parts 15, 18, and 19 form a frame inclosing the top cartridge. This frame moves the top cartridge backward into the position shown in Fig. 2 as the barrel and receiver recoil to the position shown in that ligure. During the movement the cartridge slides upon the two neighboring cartridges, one of which supports the topV cartridge from below and the other also from below, but in an oblique or sidewise direction, while the flanges 18 form a lateral horizontal support for the same. The breech-bolt forms an abutment to the upper side of the top cartridge. The barrel, the breech-bolt, and the top cartridge then continue in their receding motion for a short distance, (compare Fig. 3,) during which movement the breech-bolt is forced farther backward by the lever 7. As soon as the breech-bolt'has receded completely the top cartridge is lifted to the position shown in Fig. 3 by the pressure exerted from below by the other cartridges and the springs 13. Two lugs 20 and 21, located at each inner side of the receiver, prevent the cartridge cartridge is acting substantially at the center' of the same, Fig. 3. In this manner the cartridge will be accurately positioned. It may properly be explained here that the lugs 21V form no hindrance to the entrance of the cartridge intothe receiver, for the reason that the cartridges are piled in a zigzag manner, as clearly indicated by the dotted circles in Fig. 5, and the topmost cartridge, which is at one side, rests only against the lug 21 at that side. In the movement forward there is consequently no difficulty rin the cartridge entering the flared bore in the barrel. A slightcross movement of the cartridge takes place at the time its forward end enters the barrel. Support from below is furnished by the cartridge underneath the uppermost one. tridge is now in the path of the breech-bolt, (compare position of the top cartridge shown in Fig. 6,) the point of the cartridge being so elevated thatthe cartridge can be pushed' into the barrel. are advanced into the position shown in Fig. 1, the cartridge is inserted into the barrel by the breech-bolt, the latter being moved forward in the receiver. During its motion the cartridge will gradually occupy amore central position, guided partly by the lug 21, beveled on its under side, and partly by the barrel, until it is fully inserted into the latter, Fig. 1. An arrangement of the cartridge-lifter is shown in Fig. ,4 whereby the said lifter is able to raise the last cartridge into the position shown in Fig. 3 directly without being prevented by the barrel and the receiver occupying their rear position. This is attained substantially by providing the lifter with a' low part 22, Fig. 7, making room for the barrel and the receiver in the manner illustrated in Fig. 4.' When the barrel and the.

receiver have been advanced to the position shown in Fig. 1 by the recoil-spring, the cartridge-box can be filled from the top with fresh cartridges. A special device, such as a latch or the like, (not shown in the drawings,) is provided preventing the breech-bolt from moving forward in the receiver from the position shown in Fig. 4E when the box is emptied. r The breech-bolt can obviously be withdrawn by hand, this being necessary for enabling the filling of the cartridge-box from the top.

The frame-like upper part of the cartridgebox causing the top cartridge to take part in the backward movement of the receiver vneed not be complete, as material may be omitted where its presence is not necessary for supporting and guiding the cartridge.

The walls 15 19, preventing the cartridge from moving longitudinally to the receiver The car- When the barrel and the receiver' IOO IOS

IIO

until having been raised into the position internal lugs engaging the cartridge, so that the said fianges bear upon the same, and the lugs will then move each cartridge to the position shown in Fig. 2.

Having n'ow described my invention, what- I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters c magazine having a fixed portion below the receiver anda movable portion'secured to the receiver and forming a framewhlch embraces the uppermost cartridge inthe magazine when the barrel is in its forward resting position, and a cartridge-lifter in the fixed portion of the magazine which, on the opening of theL breech-bolt, raises the uppermost cartridge which has been displaced to the rear by the movement of the receiver.

2. An automatic firearm, having a stock, a recoiling barrel, a frame`fixed in the stock, a receiver secured to and moving with the barrel, a cartridge-magazine, the main lower portion of which is rigidly fixed inthe frame, means in said lower portion of the magazine for lifting or elevating the cartridge,an upper portion ofthe cartridge-magazine fixed to and moving vwith the receiver and adapted to embrace the uppermost cartridge in the vmagazine and shift it at the recoil, and lugs 21 on the receiver which arrest the cartridges when lifted and limit their upward movement, substantially as set forth.

3. An automatic firearm, having a stock, a

frame, a recoiling barrel andreceiver con'- nected and slidable in the frame, a breechbolt slidable in the receiver and alined with the barrel, means carried by the receiver for moving back the uppermost cartridge for a part of its length at the recoil, a fixed-receptacle for the cartridges,'and an automatic lifter forthe cartridges, said lifter being mounted f in the receptacle and having a low part at its front end which extends under the rear end of the barrel, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4:. The combination of the sliding barrel', the cartridge-box firmly connected with they frame, a top part of the cartridge-box firmly connected with the barrel and moving the top cartridge backward during the recoil, a cartridge-lifter situated in the cartridge-box and lugs located at the inner side of the receiver and arresting the cartridge, when being raised in front of the` retracted breech-bolt, in such a position as to be in the path of the' same, substantially4 as described.

5. The combination of 'the sliding barrel, i f .7

the cartridge-box firmly connected with the frame, a movable top part of the said box firmly connected with the barrel and moving vided with-a lowpart, enabling the cartridgelifter toraisethe top cartridge into the path RUDOLF HENRIK KJELLMAN.,

Witnesses: I

ERNST SvANQvIsT, ROBERT APELGREN.

the top cartridge backward` and a cartridgelifter situated in thecartridge-box and pro- 

